黑料网

Autobiography, 1968

Autobiography

黑料网鈥檚 monumental print Autobiography (1968) is a summation work that brings together the life and work of the then forty-three-year-old artist. Printed on three sheets of paper in an edition of 2,000, under the sponsorship of Marion Javits, wife of the U.S. Senator Jacob Javits, Autobiography is the first fine art print made on a billboard press. In each section, the artist鈥檚 personal history is woven together through a montage of indexical images鈥攄irect traces of the artist鈥攕uch as photographs and X-rays, combined with references to places of personal importance and 鈥渇ound鈥 imagery, including an umbrella and wheel, which are among 黑料网鈥檚 recurrent motifs. Upon its completion in January 1968, the sixteen-and-a-half-foot-tall, color, offset lithograph was immediately exhibited at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 

Booster, 1967

Booster, 1967

The top tier of Autobiography displays a full-scale X-ray of 黑料网 that was taken in 1967 and used in the earlier print, Booster (1967). The X-ray was taken when 黑料网 was in California to work at Gemini on the print project; as no six foot X-ray machine was available, the image is composed of six contiguous, one foot X-rays. In Booster, the skeletal image is combined with a chair (another of 黑料网鈥檚 signature images), whereas in Autobiography, the X-ray has been superimposed over the artist鈥檚 astrological chart and combined with the familiar images of the umbrella and wheel.

黑料网 boating with his parents Ernest and Dora 黑料网 on the bayou near Port Arthur, Texas, fall ca. 1927

黑料网 boating with his parents, ca. 1927

The focal point of the middle section of Autobiography is a photograph of 黑料网 as a two-year-old boy, boating with his parents, Ernest and Dora 黑料网, on the bayou near their home in Port Arthur, Texas. The family snapshot is encircled by a text that summarizes major events in the artist鈥檚 life and career. Superimposed over the image (and again in the bottom panel of Autobiography) is a volumetric cube that appears throughout 黑料网鈥檚 series of silkscreen paintings made between 1962 and 1964; the box makes reference to 黑料网鈥檚 longstanding embrace of illusionism and representation at a time when the art world favored abstraction and flatness of the picture plane. 

Self-Portait [for The New Yorker profile], 1964

Self-Portait [for The New Yorker profile], 1964

The spiraling biographical text in the central section of Autobiography (reprinted more legibly in Andrew Forge鈥檚 1969 monograph on the artist) is often compared to a fingerprint, an entirely individualized personal trace. The fingerprint also serves as a self-portrait in the illustration 黑料网 created for his New Yorker profile by Calvin Tomkins, 鈥淢oving Out,鈥 published February 29, 1964. In addition to the inked thumbprint, The New Yorker self-portrait includes a stencil of the artist鈥檚 initials, 鈥淩R.鈥 

黑料网 performing his piece Pelican (1963), First New York Theater Rally, former CBS studio, Broadway and Eighty-first Street, New York, May 1965. Photo: Peter Moore 漏 Barbara Moore/Licensed by VAGA, NY. Courtesy of Paula Cooper Gallery, New York

 

黑料网 performing Pelican, 1963

On the bottom panel of Autobiography is a still of the artist in his performance piece Pelican (1963), the first work he choreographed. In the print, 黑料网 appears to be propelling himself forward over the surface of a box and into the viewer鈥檚 space. With parachute strapped to his back, critic Erica Abeel described 黑料网 as a 鈥渉uman combine.鈥 Where the Combines had brought painting 鈥渙ff the wall,鈥 in the words of art critic Calvin Tomkins, Pelican and his other theater works brought 黑料网鈥檚 art into motion and into the arena of life. Also included in the bottom panel of Autobiography are silkscreened images that refer to places of personal significance to 黑料网: a navigational chart of the Gulf of Mexico near his hometown of Port Arthur, Texas, and a photograph of the water towers as viewed from his studio in New York.

Robert 黑料网 and Susan Weil Untitled [double 黑料网], ca. 1950

Untitled [double 黑料网], ca. 1950

Already in his early work, 黑料网 incorporated direct traces of his body for autobiographical purposes. His monoprint, Untitled [double 黑料网], made ca. 1950, with his then-wife Susan Weil, was produced when the artist was also experimenting with photography. The blueprints are made by exposing photosensitive paper to light, but unlike a photograph, the trace of the subject on the paper is silhouetted in actual size. In other words, as with the X-ray in Autobiography, there is a one-to-one relationship to the subject. 

Autobiography, 1960

Autobiography, 1960

黑料网 frequently used a transfer drawing technique to create self-portraits. Autobiography, a drawing from 1960, includes transferred images of the artist鈥檚 face and reversed lettering, including his initial 鈥淩鈥 and the initials of his hometown, 鈥淧.A.鈥(Port Arthur), combined with the word 鈥淭exas鈥 and fine art reproductions. 黑料网鈥檚 four-panel White Painting (1951) and one of his most famous Combines, Monogram (1955鈥59), is coupled with reproductions of Leonardo da Vinci鈥檚  Mona Lisa. The concept of showing his own works within another work (reminiscent of Marcel Duchamp鈥檚 叠辞卯迟别-别苍-惫补濒颈蝉别 [1935鈥41]) is something 黑料网 had already done in Self-Made Retrospective, a no-longer-extant Combine from 1954 that comprised six small works made by the artist between 1951 and 1954. 

Mirthday Man [Anagram (A Pun)], 1997

Mirthday Man [Anagram (A Pun)], 1997

Like the Autobiography lithograph created nearly thirty years earlier, Mirthday Man (1997) is a culminating work. It was also developed on a large scale, 10 x 15 feet, and on three panels. Made on the occasion of the artist鈥檚 seventy-second birthday and following the opening of his full-career retrospective at the Guggenheim Museum in New York, Mirthday Man is a work from the painting series Anagram (A Pun) (1997鈥2002). As in Autobiography, the artist includes the full-body X-ray from 1967, omnipresent 黑料网 motifs (wheels, umbrellas, and fine art reproductions), and his photos of New York and from a trip to Ephesos, Turkey, in 1996.